Washers are indispensable in part assembly. They work hand in hand with different types of fasteners to hold two parts together. Washers provide a large surface area which ensures proper load distribution. They prevent bolts from slipping and moving out of place. Additionally, some washers provide sealing benefits and protect the components against environmental factors.
However, what are the best washers for high-temperature appliances? This article will be your guide to everything on high-temperature washers. It will explain the importance of proper washer selection in high-temperature applications, the types of washers suitable for high-heat components, and key factors to consider when choosing high-temperature washers.
Why is Careful Washer Selection Important in High-Temperature Applications
When working in high-temperature applications, the type of washer you use is vital. While most judge the capabilities of washers by their size, the wrong selection of this component can lead to detrimental effects. Careful selection of washer is important in high-temperature applications because of the following reasons
Extreme temperature environments cause components to expand and weaken with time. The washer must be able to mitigate this and maintain structural integrity.
Another reason to select washers carefully is to ensure load distribution and prevent stress concentration.
The washers used in high-temperature applications must be able to withstand the corrosion from steam and chemicals.
You must carefully select washers for high-heat environments to enhance safety and prevent failure.
Poor washer selection may increase maintenance costs and downtime due to system failure.
Additionally, it is crucial to use washers that are compatible with other components to prevent differential thermal expansion and galvanic corrosion.
Key Factors to Consider When Choosing High-Temperature Washers
When choosing high-temperature washers, you do not do it blindly. There are some factors you should keep in mind that will aid the selection process. The following are key factors to consider when choosing high-temperature washers.
Operating Temperature Range
The temperature where you would use the washer is an important factor. This is because different washers have unique temperature requirements. The maximum temperature washers can tolerate depends on their properties. For instance, stainless steel and Inconel washers work perfectly at 870 and 1093 degrees respectively. Going above this limit can lead to deformation.
Washer Design
You should also consider the washer design and type. The common washer types available in sheet metal fabrication include flat, spring, sealing, and custom. The level to which these washer designs can handle high temperatures varies. Flat washers distribute the load evenly and protect the component when used at extreme temperatures. Additionally, spring washers absorb shock and resist expansion when heated.
Compliance with Standards
Some industries come with standards one must follow to ensure safety and improve part performance. Some standards specify the use of hardened steel and nickel-based washers with fasteners in high-stress applications. This is important when manufacturing aerospace or medical devices as the use of inferior washers can lead to accidents and fines.
Cost
You should also consider cost when choosing high-performance washers. Washers made using titanium and ceramic significantly cost more when compared to stainless steel. If possible, use the most cost-effective washer that meets all strength requirements. However, the cost factor should not stand alone. You must be able to balance cost and performance to ensure durability and longevity.
Types of Washers Suitable for High-Temperature Applications
There are different types of washers available in part manufacturing. However, not all are suitable for high-temperature applications. The following are the most common high-heat washers you can use
Flat Washers
Flat washers are the most popular washers. Their simple design does not limit how well you can use them. They have a smooth surface that helps to distribute the load evenly. Additionally, flat washers resist thermal degradation and protect the underlying material. Furthermore, flat washers are usually made using heat-resistant materials such as stainless steel and ceramic.
Spring Washers
Spring washers are another ideal high-temperature washer. Their slightly curved profile helps to generate a spring-like action when using spring washers. This washer type maintains tension when used with fasteners during part assembly. Spring washers are known for their ability to absorb vibrations and prevent loosening in high-temperature environments. They are perfect for applications with fluctuating temperatures.
Sealing Washers
You can also use sealing washers in high-temperature applications because of their exceptional capabilities. They are like conventional washers equipped with sealing properties. You will find them in metal or plastic with an elastic sealing material. Sealing washers prevent the leakage of fluid and gas. They have a rigid structure that compresses against the mating surface.
Lock Washers
Another category of washer you can use in high-temperature applications is the lock washer. They usually have a split ring that bites into the surface of the fastener and workpiece. This prevents them from loosening when subjected to vibrations and dynamic loads. Furthermore, some types of lock washers come with teeth. The teeth may face inward, outward, or a combination for maximum grip.
Specialty Washers
When there are unique challenges in high-temperature applications, you can use specialty washers to address them. This washer type provides tailored solutions to make the parts last longer. An example under this category is the graphite washers. You will find them in pure graphite or reinforced graphite materials. They have high thermal resistance and low friction.
Applications of High-Temperature Washers
Many industrial components operate in extreme thermal conditions. Hence, they need high-temperature washers to reduce wear and damage. The following are common applications of high-temperature washers.
Aerospace and Defense
Many of the machines used in the aerospace and defense sectors operate at a high speed which generates heat. They work continuously and are exposed to extreme vibrations and pressures. For this reason, it is important to use high-performance washers when manufacturing jet engines and turbines, satellite components, and defense equipment.
Automotive and Transportation
The automotive industry also benefits from high-temperature washers. The modern vehicles are made up of components that work in extreme environments. These washers can handle dynamic load and environmental exposure when used in engine components, brake systems, and battery packs in electric vehicles.
Power Generation and Energy
Many of the components that convert thermal energy to electricity rely heavily on high-temperature washers. These include turbines, boilers, nuclear power plants, and solar power systems. They use washers made with high-tensile strength materials to ensure long-lasting performance.
Chemical and Petrochemical Processing
You can also use high-temperature washers when manufacturing equipment for chemical and petrochemical processing. Washers are essential in reactors and heat exchangers to ensure stability and prevent leakage. Additionally, they provide a leak proof seal for pipelines and valves.
Conclusion
Washers are critical components used when assembling parts. They distribute the load of a fastener and prevent it from loosening under stress. The washer you use in high-temperature applications is important to ensure the structural integrity of the fasteners. Some examples of high-temperature washers include lock, spring, and flat. Do you have further questions and clarifications? Reach out to a reliable sheet metal fabricator today.
